Lecture Summary:

Industrial Revolution

In today’s lecture, the main focus was on the Industrial Revolution and how a big change happened in a short amount of time. The Kodak camera was invented and the creation of the Internal Combustion Engine further developed vehicles at the time.

While these inventions were being made during the industrial revolution, a excess of mass-produced garbage was made during these times. William Morris was fed up with the terrible constructions that were being produced at the time, and wanted to show the world what “good aesthetic” was, so he created his own company that dealt with arts and crafts, thus starting the arts and crafts movement.

William Morris and a few others also started dabbling into wallpapers and other decorative arts, thus reviving the artisan taste and teaching us now that “mass-produced garbage isn’t always good”.

Research: Boats of the 19th Century

With the invention of the Steam Engine, many new modes of transportation were being made. Vehicles like trains, cars, and even ships were equipped with steam engines.

There were two types of propulsion that were developed at the time, paddle-wheel boats and sing;e-propeller propulsion boats.

Paddle Wheel Boats

Paddle Wheel Steam ship.

Paddle wheel type boats would use the steam engine to help propel themselves forward. With the design of the paddle wheel helping rotate the circular paddle in a circular motion, the boat is able to move forward. There is usually a paddle on each side that helps propel the ship forward and backwards.

Single Propeller Boats

USS Monitor Propeller before conservation.

After the paddle wheel style boats came the single propeller boats. Swedish engineer John Ericsson tried to convince Britain to adopt the propeller, however he was ultimately unsuccessful. Ericsson tried selling it in America, and to his luck America adopted his idea.

John Ericsson’s design of the propeller is still used today. By rotating a fan powered by the steam engine, this allowed ships to move without the big and cumbersome paddle wheels that were on the sides of ships. By rotating the propeller in the water and creating rotational motion, a difference of pressure is created, which in turn creates thrust.

Napoleon III Cargo Ship

During the 1850’s, the steam engine for ships was slowly growing out of favor. However, there was one ship that still adopted the Paddle Wheels, which was the Napoleon III.

Being highly revolutionary at the time, the Napoleon III was launched in 1856 and was powered by a Steam and Sail mechanism. The steam engine helped propel the ships, making it independent from the wind. This did not make the steam engine the solve-all solution that was made to be, as steering was virtually impossible without sails.

Due to the loss of the Emperor Napoleon III and being converted into a paddle steamer into a single propeller propulsion, The Napoleon III was renamed into the “SS Ville Du Havre”.

Citation:

https://content.historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/iha-ships-boats-1840-1950/heag133-ships-and-boats-1840-1950-iha.pdf/

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ss-queen-victoria-lost-ship-of-confederation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Ville_du_Havre

https://www.britannica.com/technology/ship/History-of-ships

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddle_steamer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeller

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboat

http://www.sam.usace.army.mil/Portals/46/docs/recreation/OP-CO/montgomery/pdfs/10thand11th/ahistoryofsteamboats.pdf