Herbert Bayer

Bayer was an American-Austrian designer, painter, photographer, sculptor, and art director born on April 5th, 1900 in Haag, Austria-Hungary. He was a student who later became a teacher at the Bauhaus in Weimar, he worked in a diverse selection of fields. When he became a teacher, he began his first class in the Bauhaus teaching typography. As he taught, Bayer spent time working as an Art Director for the Container Corporations well as an architect in Germany and America. Between 1925 and 1930, Bayer spent five years in total designing a geometric sans-serif typeface which we know as “Universal” typefaces. His typefaces were often known to be very dynamic.

Universal Typeface

Post-Bauhaus

In 1928, Bayers remained in Germany, leaving the Bauhaus to later become an art director for Vogue magazine in the city of Berlin. Though this didn’t remain for very long and Bayer son immigrated to America in 1938 with an invitation from Alfred H. Barr, Jr., who was a founding director of The Museum of Modern Art. He was invited to display his theories in the museum under the exhibition, “Bauhaus: 1919–28” (1938). Whilst in the US, Bayers was mainly active as a painter, advertising graphic designer, and exhibition designer. In the year 1944, Bayers married Dada artist, Joella Syrara Haweis. His architectural skills were up to work when he was offered a job opportunity by industrialist and visionary Walter Paepcke. Bayers later designed the Aspen Institute and restored the Wheeler Opera House.

Catalogue of Designs, cover. Author: Herbert Bayer, 1925
Design for Trade Fair Stand of a Toothpaste Producer, author: Herbert Bayer, 1924

Sources

https://www.bauhauskooperation.com/knowledge/the-bauhaus/people/masters-and-teachers/herbert-bayer/

https://www.moma.org/artists/399

https://www.bauhauskooperation.com/knowledge/the-bauhaus/people/masters-and-teachers/herbert-bayer/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Bayer

https://www.famousgraphicdesigners.org/herbert-bayer
Herbert Bayer

Type Poster

For my typography poster, I decided to go with the idea of a “type tree.” I felt that the use of a tree helped to display each section of type in an orderly fashion which was simple, but yet understandable. For colour, I originally planned to add some more variety on the bottom text and the background though, I felt this would be much more overwhelming. I decided to stick with the simple colour tone and planned to focus mainly on the type itself.

I feel that my idea could have been a little bit more creative so I rank myself an overall 7/10. I spent approximately 6 to 7 hours finishing the entire thing, the majority of the time spent in writing on the typefaces themselves.

Type Poster

A Trip To The Moon (1902)

Welcome to the Moon

Back in 1902, a silent, French short film called “Le Voyage dans la Lune” (A Trip to the Moon) was produced. The movie was written and directed by French director and actor, Georges Méliès. This movie was created during a time where technology was very new and the concept of “sci-fi” hardly even existed. It follows a group of astronomers throughout their journey to the moon, travelling via a canon-propelled capsule that launches towards the surface of the moon.

Filming the Moon

The budget for the film was ₣10,000 (French Franc) and took approximately 3 months for the 13-minute film to be completed. The majority of the budget for the film went towards the making of the scenery and the costumes. For the costumes, Méliès himself would create the costume prototypes for the head, knees and feet in terracotta and then create plaster moulds for them. For filming, most of the special effects in the film used the substitution splice technique. This was a technique in which the cameraman would stop filming for a moment and an object would be altered, added, or removed before filming resumed. In a way, much like stop motion.

Méliès in the studio where A Trip to the Moon was filmed

A Legacy for Sci-Fi

As a personal fan of sci-fi, I have yet to even view the film, I would like to watch it. This film would be even more intriguing to watch during the time it was released. The concept and the visuals surrounding the film itself were very unique for the date it was released, yet it opened up another world to the sci-fi movie industry, despite there not being much for technology. The sci-fi and fantasy themes showed the viewers that reality itself could be altered behind the camera for cinematic purposes. Today, “A Trip to the Moon” remains to be Méliès’s most popular film. The image of the moon with the capsule stuck in its right eye remains to be the most iconic scene from the film, it has been referenced in present-day films such as “Hugo.”

Original artwork from Georges Méliès’s A Trip to the Moon.

Sources

http://brainknowsbetter.com/news/2014/2/21/georges-melies-a-trip-to-the-moon-reveals-the-psychology-of-film

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Trip_to_the_Moon#Legacy

A Trip To The Moon (1902)

Egyptian Book of the Dead – Historical Artifact

For my historical artifact, I chose to do an Ancient Egyptian book of the dead. I chose this artifact to learn more about the book of the dead and to convey my interest in ancient Egypt. My approach to begin the “papyrus scroll” was to cut out a longer, slimmer strand of paper and proceed to draw on it. I tried to keep the images true to the historical illustrations and match the hieroglyphs to the best of my ability. After I finished drawing and then inking, I soaked the pages into some black tea for a few minutes and then hung them to dry, this process helped to stain the pages to make them look older. I felt applying this final stain was the easiest method to “age” the pages with the materials I had in my own dorm.

Overall, I am quite satisfied with the final product. I wish I could’ve aged the pages a little more to make them older and more yellow to appear more like papyrus. I’ve spent approximately a total of 5 hours putting it together, not including the drying time for the pages. Personally, I would evaluate about an 8out of 10 for myself, I feel like more thought could’ve gone into my museum sign.

https://www.arce.org/resource/book-dead-guidebook-afterlife
https://www.turbosquid.com/3d-models/3d-egyptian-book-dead-papyrus-model-1317886

Sources:

https://www.arce.org/resource/book-dead-guidebook-afterlife

https://www.worldhistory.org/Egyptian_Book_of_the_Dead/

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/Y_EA9901-3

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Book-of-the-Dead-ancient-Egyptian-text

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead

Egyptian Book of the Dead – Historical Artifact

Katsushika Hokusai

Leading up to the Wave

Katsushika Hokusai, famously known for his piece “The Wave off Kanagawa,” was a Japanese artist, ukiyo-e painter, and printmaker during the Edo period. Although having a long career, the importance of Hokusai’s works peaked after the age of 60. His largest known work was a 15-volume collection of Hokusai Manga, published in 1814. Hokusai was best known for his woodblock print series such as “Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji,” this was the series where the iconic wave originated. His decision to depict Mount Fuji was mainly contributed due to his religious beliefs and tradition itself, he was a member of the Nichiren sect of Buddhism. Traditionally, Mount Fuji stands and symbolizes eternal life, it’s believed that a goddess has deposited an elixir for eternal life right at the peak.

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/45434
The Great Wave off Kanagawa, ca. 1830–32

Hokusai’s Artistic Characteristics

His very distinct style, use of line and colour are notable to many. In the nineteenth century, his influences spread over to western cultures, reaching Europe to create what we know as Japonism. Japonism was a massive craze known for collecting traditional Japanese art. When the Europeans collected these prints, Hokusai had an impact on the Impressionist movement. His themes often contributed to the works of Claude Monét and Pierre-Auguste Renoir.

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/45030
The Inume Pass in Kai Province, ca. 1831–32

The Wave Present Today

Hokusai’s work today is widely known, even by those who are nowhere near artists. Today, The Great Wave remains his most iconic work, often seen on clothing and posters. I, myself have seen the piece countless times before and have always admired it. Often when traditional Japanese art is mentioned, this is the very first one to come to mind, alongside the simplistic art style. As stated in Encyclopedia Britannica, “since the later 19th century, impressed Western artists, critics, and art lovers alike, more, possibly, than any other single Asian artist.”

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/36501
“Umezawa Manor in Sagami Province,” ca. 1830–32

Sources

https://www.katsushikahokusai.org

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hokusai#ref3258

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokusai#cite_note-42

Katsushika Hokusai

Typography Zine

For the typography zine, Phoebe and I chose to do it on Louis Braille. We selected the colour pallet consisting of pale pink, blues, and violets to represent the blindness those may feel. Although, despite the blindness, we selected these colours to reflect on the “light” that the creating of the braille typeface may have brought. Braille opened up a world for those who cannot see, to have an opportunity to read. Our main concept was figuring out how we can apply the simplicity of braille into design, utilizing the white space to our advantage.

This project was an excellent opportunity to learn about the braille typeface. I’ve known about it my whole life, though never was aware of the origin and the amount of function it served. Phoebe and I have taken approximately 10 total hours, planning included. If I were to grade our own assignment I would perhaps grade us a 9 out of 10. I believe we laid out our facts well and summarized them perfectly. Also, I appreciate the colour pallet we selected and am pleased with the overall layout of our design, though our designs on the first spread could have been thought out more, I will admit.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-Braille

https://www.nbp.org/ic/nbp/about/aboutbraille/whoislouis.html

https://brailleworks.com/braille-resources/history-of-braille/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hzPIKmCHUA
Typography Zine

Apocalypse (Albrecht Dürer)

Albrecht Dürer Depicted the Book of Revelations in his 15 paged woodcut, “Apocalypse.” This book would bring fame to Dürer all across Europe. The “Book of Revelations” is a title heard by many, known for its incredibly dramatic and frightening tone. Written by John, it is the final book in the new testament in the Christian holy bible. This book is widely known for its depiction and description of the “Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.” The Four Horsemen may be the most recognisable and iconic piece from Dürer’s booklet, as shown below.

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/336215
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

Originally, Apocalypse was cut onto pearwood, amongst 15 woodcuts and of course, printed beautifully in black and white. The booklet was 15 pages in length, respectfully, although, Dürer initially planned to include every scene from the book. The earlier woodcuts by Dürer were depicted unrealistically, later on, they were to be recreated following his travels to Italy. Travelling to Italy enabled Dürer to combine the iconography of the bible and early ideology with his art skills. This aided him throughout the final products to appear more realistic, practical, and expressive. Dürer depicted the images beautifully, the black and white almost complementing the imagery.

https://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/dp/original/DP816928.jpg
The Whore of Babylon

There have been speculations as to the depictions of Dürer’s images. I’ve shared the pieces “Opening of the Seventh Seal” and “The Whore of Babylon.” It’s been speculated the turbaned figures in “The Whore of Babylon” are being seduced by the woman. This results in subjecting them to the Apocalypse. She appears to be represented as a dangerous figure, with the monsters by her side, as if implying that falling for her could be catastrophic.
Through my own observation, “Opening of the Seventh Seal” is a lot to unpack. The angels and the screaming eagle display a strong sense of triumph and a warning, conveying their message to the vast world below. It definetly delivers the energy of an approaching apocalypse or an approaching end.

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/397139
Opening the Seventh Seal

Sources:

http://www.albrechtdurer.org/opening-of-the-seventh-seal/

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Revelation-to-John

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalypse_(Dürer)

Apocalypse (Albrecht Dürer)

IDES141 Mood Board Assessment

I decided to create my mood board to revolve around the development of aviation and their major events. Aviation is a concept that is incredibly intriguing to me, I was raised with the passion my dad had for aviation. I was pleased to learn where gas powered engines began, to the disappearance of Amelia Earhart, to the establishment of a major airline that I never knew existed. I was pleased with my overall layout on Amelia, keeping the greyscale tones from the print and photos of the time period.

my screencap

Despite spending a good 4 to 5 hours on the assignment I would most likely give myself a 7. I am pleased with the overall composition although, my captions within the images could be more creative or perhaps, longer. This was a very interesting assignment to tackle, I enjoyed playing around with the mood board.

IDES141 Mood Board Assessment

Egyptian Hieroglyphs and Deities, Guiding the Souls into the Afterlife

Ancient Egypt was one of the earliest and first known civilizations to come about, and it is still kicking around to this very day. Their earliest form of writing was known as hieroglyphs, or Egyptian hieroglyphics, its development following shortly after cuneiform was developed. Hieroglyphs were widely used to communicate and develop their religious beliefs, creating the Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. 

Hieroglyphs from the tomb of Seti I.
http://www.egyptarchive.co.uk/html/british_museum_29.html

Very often, especially after the discovery of papyrus scrolls, hieroglyphs were used to assist the dead in the afterlife. These writings would be buried with the dead and placed either within their body, inscribed on the walls of the tombs, pyramids, or painted onto the wooden coffins. When writing out these scrolls, as Britannica states, “certain signs were avoided or were used in garbled form in grave inscriptions for fear that the living beings represented by these signs could harm the deceased who lay helpless in the grave.” 

A private tomb located in Egypt.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46580264

It was believed there would be a god to guide these beings into the afterlife. This being was said to lead the souls of the individual through the threshold that is the living world and the afterlife. Anubis (Anpu), the god of death, mummification, and afterlife, is the protector over these humans. Anubis was depicted to have the head of a black jackal, throughout Egyptian history jackals were often portrayed with cemeteries and were known to dig up human bodies to consume their flesh. Due to the nature of digging bodies up after burial, it was believed a jackal would be suited to portray the role of protecting these bodies

Anubis weighing the soul, from the Egyptian Book of the Dead, c. 1275 BCE.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Anubis

Within Egyptian mythology, it is believed there are hundreds upon hundreds of deities, whether their role be large or amount of deities and concepts is very intriguing and appealing. I found myself often studying the idea of Egyptian gods during my free time in middle and high school. The artistic portrayal and the study of hieroglyphs is incredibly intriguing, I cannot help but wish we still incorporated this writing and these beings to learn during the present times.

The sun god, Ra, a creator of ancient Egypt.
https://www.britannica.com/list/11-egyptian-gods-and-goddesses

References:

Dorman, Peter F. “Hieroglyphic Writing.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/topic/hieroglyphic-writing/Hieratic-script. 

“Anubis.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 31 Aug. 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis. 

Survey 1 Powerpoint.

Egyptian Hieroglyphs and Deities, Guiding the Souls into the Afterlife

My Yearbook Spread

The media I am using are inks and alcohol markers. I made my yearbook spreadsheet to resemble the look of a character reference or a stats sheet. The overall layout is not overly serious and a little bit messy or disorganised as I often tend to lack that seriousness in my own personality. My idea was to reflect some of my energy by using warm but vibrant colours in the background, I like to try to welcome the warmer side of my personality and then convey it with the bright and bubbly side of it to coexist as one. My self-portrait isn’t 110% accurate but it is how I see myself and, in a way, hope it’s how other view me as an individual. I want people reading it to feel like it isn’t something overly serous and is a little bit more fun or interesting to look at.

If I were to give myself a mark on a 10-point scale, I would grade myself a 7 perhaps. Although I spend a total of around 4 hours, I do feel like my use of colour could’ve been thought out a little bit more.

My Yearbook Spread