Edward Hopper

Edward Hopper is widely acknoledged as the most important realist painter of twentieth-century America. He was initially trained as a commercial illustrator. He began his artistic career taking lessons in illustration before transferring to the New York School of Art in 1900, where he studied under the eminent American artists William Merritt Chase and Robert Henri. Hopper’s most common subject was the solitary figure. A projection of his personal introspection, the artist frequently returned to images of lone figures, most often women, within a windowed interior setting. Often misinterpreted as a symbol for his own feelings of loneliness, these figures more likely represent Hopper’s preference for quiet and thoughtful self-examination.

“Nighthawks”

Edward Hopper does a perfect job of showing the emotions of America during its time period through his beautiful cityscape and landscape paintings. One example of this is one of his most famous paintings titled, “Nighthawks”. This painting, which is one of my favourite paintings of all time, captures a minimal night scene of the city. What I love about this painting is the way he is able to create such a strong sense of atmosphere, I feel so mysterious yet calm when viewing this painting.

Clyfford Still

Abstract

PH-950 (1950), Clyfford Still. Clyfford Still Museum, Denver.
https://www.apollo-magazine.com/a-rare-chance-to-see-works-by-clyfford-still-in-london/

Clyfford Still was an American painter associated with the Abstract Expressionist movement. He is best known for his paintings that resemble flame-like brush strokes or shapes. Inspired by the windswept landscape of the Canadian prairie, he developed a technique of applying thick layers of paint onto the canvas using a palette knife, creating jagged flares of dark tones against lighter areas of yellows, oranges, and reds.

Untitled, Clyfford Still 1959
https://www.wikiart.org/en/clyfford-still

Clyfford Still began to quickly see national recognition. His paintings were embraced by other artists and critics, who considered Still to be one of the most original artist of the time. Jackson pollock even said that “Still’s work makes the rest of us look academic”.

PH-1139, 1957
https://collection.clyffordstillmuseum.org/object/ph-1139
1946-H
https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/1946-h-indian-red-and-black-23063

To me, many of the shapes and patterns seen in Clyfford Still’s work resembles the patterns found in nature, such as the pattern on a cows fur or the pattern and shapes of the markings on a koi fish. Although there might not be any meaning behind his paintings, I find them visually pleasing to look at, and I find it interesting that everyone will have a slightly different feeling from the paintings when viewing them.

References

ClyffordStillMuseum.org

https://collection.clyffordstillmuseum.org/object/ph-1139

https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/1946-h-indian-red-and-black-23063

http://www.artnet.com/artists/clyfford-still/

Robert Delaunay

Cubism/Orphism

Endless Rhythm 1934 Robert Delaunay 1885-1941 Purchased 1970 http://www.tate.org.uk/art/work/T01233

Robert Delaunay was a French painter who first introduced vibrant colour into Cubism and thereby originated the trend in Cubist painting known as Orphism. He was one of the earliest completely nonrepresentational painters, and his work affected the development of abstract art based on the compositional tensions created by opposite planes of colour.


Robert Delaunay, “Eiffel Tower,” 1910. Oil on Canvas, 20 cm x 16 cm. Solomon Guggenheim Museum, New York City
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Delaunay

Delaunay was at first a theatre designer and painted only part-time. But he soon came under the influence of the Neo-Impressionists’ use of colour. By 1910 he had made his own contribution to Cubism in two series of paintings, cathedrals and the “Eiffel Tower,” which combined bits of Cubist form with dynamic movement and vibrant colour.

I admire Robert’s work. His work looks very modern and is quite minima which is pleasant to look at. He uses color well to make his paintings more playful and lively.

Robert Delaunay, “Eiffel Tower,” 1924. Oil on Canvas, 161.6 cm x 96.8 cm. Saint Louis Art Museum, Saint Louis.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Delaunay

References

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Delaunay

https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/robert-delaunay-992

https://www.theartstory.org/artist/delaunay-robert/

Andre Derain

Fauvism

Bateaux dans le Port de Collioure” (1905)
https://www.parisupdate.com/andre-derain-radical-decade/

Derain studied painting in Paris at the Académie Carriere from 1898 to 1899. He developed his early style in association with Maurice de Vlaminck, who he met in 1900, and with Henri Matisse, who had been Derain’s fellow student at the Académie Carriere. Together with these two painters, Derain was one of the major painters of Fauvism from 1905 to 1908. Like the other artists who worked in this style, he painted landscapes and figure studies in brilliant, sometimes pure colors and used broken brushstrokes and impulsive lines to define his spontaneous compositions.

Les arbres (The Trees), ca. 1906
https://www.parisupdate.com/andre-derain-radical-decade/

I personally do not like his artwork. I find his paintings are too saturated. Derain also uses too many colors, which makes a lot of his paintings look like messy, distorted rainbows.

http://www.artistsandart.org/2010/05/andre.html

Derain broke with Fauvism in 1908, when he was temporarily influenced by the works of the Post-Impressionist painter Paul Cézanne. Derain worked for a few years in a stylized form of Cubism, but by the 1920s his paintings of nudes, still lifes, and portraits had become increasingly Neoclassical. His art underwent virtually no change after the 1920s, though his more conservative style brought him financial success.

References

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andre-Derai

https://www.albrightknox.org/artworks/k197126-les-arbres-trees

https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/andre-derain-998

https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/artist/andre-derain

Henri Rousseau

impressionism & post-impressionism

The Dream Poster
https://www.projectarm.com/henri-rousseau/

Henri Rousseau was a post-impressionist painter from Laval, France. His best-known paintings depict jungle scenes, even though he never left France or saw a jungle. His inspiration came from illustrated books and the botanical gardens in Paris, as well as tableaux of “taxidermied” wild animals. He had also met soldiers, during his term of service, who had survived the French expedition to Mexico and listened to their stories of the subtropical country they had encountered.

“Myself”
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henri-Rousseau
“The Sleeping Gypsy”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sleeping_Gypsy

“The Sleeping Gypsy” is one of my all-time favorite paintings, which I was lucky enough to see at the MoMA in New York. This painting makes me feel so relaxed as if I am in a very pleasant dream. The colors are beautiful and soft and are quite light even though it is a nighttime scene. The colors also create such a perfect sense of temperature, the atmosphere of the painting doesn’t feel too cold, yet doenst feel too warm either.

“Monkeys In The Jungle”
https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1CASUUV_enCA839&tbm=isch&q=henri+rousseau&chips=q:henri+rousseau,g_1:sleeping+gypsy:gFaYFrbAxew%3D,g_1:most+famous&usg=AI4_-kT9r3pzazzCjoJjL1_pvYxFD3Wq-A&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiph5uvrbjlAhWGop4KHQp9DIcQ4lYIKygA&biw=1366&bih=641&dpr=1#imgrc=TMi-R2GwF_2FwM:

References

https://www.icanvas.com/canvas-art-prints/artist/henri-rousseau?product=canvas&sort=popular

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henri-Rousseau

http://www.henrirousseau.net/

http://www.henrirousseau.org/

Winslow Homer

Realism,Pre-Impressionism, & Pre Raphaeltes

Breezing Up
https://www.oceansbridge.com/shop/artists/h/hj-hop/homer-winslow/breezing-up

Winslow Homer was an American landscape painter and printmaker, best known for his marine landscapes, which are among the most powerful and expressive of late 19th-century American art. Largely self-taught, Homer started his career working as a commercial illustrator. He later took up oil painting and produced major studio works characterized by the weight and density he used from the medium. He also worked extensively in watercolor, creating a fluid and prolific numbers of work, primarily capturing his working vacations.

The Sponge Diver
https://www.1st-art-gallery.com/Winslow-Homer/The-Sponge-Diver.html

One of these paintings which he painted during his vacation was the painting above named “The Sponge Diver”. I found this painting interesting because the subject is an African American man, which was pretty uncommon during that time. This painting uses very soft colors which gives a very peaceful and relaxed vibe.

Gloucester Harbor
https://www.art.com/products/p10383547-sa-i846815/winslow-homer-gloucester-harbor.htm

One of my favorite paintings of his is titled “Gloucester Harbor”. I love the colors that are used and I really appreciate how Homer paints the average working citizens; it makes the paintings much more interesting.

Long Branch New Jersey
https://fineartamerica.com/featured/long-branch-new-jersey-by-winslow-homer-1869-winslow-homer.html

Another favorite of mine is titled “Long Branch New Jersey”. This painting makes me feel very relaxed and really gives off the summer atmosphere.

Houses On A Hill
https://www.judaica-art.com/winslow-homer/547-houses-on-a-hill-by-winslow-homer-art-gallery-oil-painting-reproductions.html

References

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Winslow-Homer

https://www.winslow-homer.com/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winslow_Homer

Francesco Guardi

Rococo Period

View of the Grand Canal with the Fabbriche Nuove di Rialto
https://pinacotecabrera.org/en/collezione-online/opere/veduta-del-canal-grande-con-le-fabbriche-nuove-di-rialto/

Francesco Guardi was born in Venice, the son of a minor painter, Domenico Guardi. Following Canaletto, he recorded both the architecture of the city and the celebrations of its inhabitants in interior and exterior scenes. These works brought him great success. While Guardi followed Canaletto in producing scenes, he soon developed his own style, based on a more loose handling of paint. He took particular pleasure in rendering the vibrant atmosphere of Venetian light and its dazzling effect on water.

https://www.hampel-auctions.com/a/Francesco-Guardi-1712-1793-Nachfolger.html?a=100&s=442&id=525745

A great example of his loose style is shown in this painting of his above. When you view this painting from a distance, it looks very detailed and quite realistic.

https://www.hampel-auctions.com/a/Francesco-Guardi-1712-1793-Nachfolger.html?a=100&s=442&id=525745

However, when you look very closely at the painting, you can notice his very loose brushstrokes and simplified figures. To me, this style gives his paintings a much greater scence of atmosphere, instead of the harsh reality. A great example of this is seen in his painting called “Fire in the Oil Depot in San Marcuola“.

Fire in the Oil Depot in San Marcuola (1789)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Guardi#/media/File:Francesco_Guardi_-_Fire_in_the_San_Marcuola_Oil_Depot_-_WGA10885.jpg

Citations

“Francesco Guardi, 1712 – 1793, Nachfolger.” Hampel, https://www.hampel-auctions.com/a/Francesco-Guardi-1712-1793-Nachfolger.html?a=100&s=442&id=525745.

The National Gallery, London. “Francesco Guardi.” The National Gallery, https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/francesco-guardi.

“View of the Grand Canal with the Fabbriche Nuove Di Rialto – Francesco Guardi.” Pinacoteca Di Brera, https://pinacotecabrera.org/en/collezione-online/opere/veduta-del-canal-grande-con-le-fabbriche-nuove-di-rialto/.

Bartolome Murillo

Baroque period

The Holy Family with a Bird – Bartolome Esteban Murillo 1617 – 1682
http://www.andalucia.com/history/people/artists/murillo

One of the most popular artists of his time, Bartolome Esteban Murillo was a Spanish Baroque painter, best known for his religious works, as well as realistic depictions of the everyday life of his times. His early work was influenced by the painters Zubaran, Jusepe de Ribera, and Alonzo Cano, who all held a realistic style to painting, a technique that was adapted by Murillo.

Bartolome Murillo’s work was characterized by both realism and chiaroscuro, or the contrast of light and shade, which he combined to make soft forms full of rich colors. To me, this resembles very much the work of a famous Italian painter named Caravaggio, who was very famous for his chiaroscuro in his paintings.

The image on the left is The Young Beggar by Bartolome Murillo and the image on the right is The Calling of Saint Matthew, by Caravaggio.
https://www.widewalls.ch/caravaggio-paintings/
https://www.theartstory.org/artist/murillo-bartolome-esteban/artworks/

His later works evolved into a polished style that attracted the interest of Bourgeois and aristocrats of his day, and he received many commissions for them.

The Assumption of the Virgin
https://www.wikiart.org/en/bartolome-esteban-murillo/the-assumption-of-the-virgin-1670

Citations

“Murillo Artworks & Famous Paintings.” The Art Story, https://www.theartstory.org/artist/murillo-bartolome-esteban/artworks/.

The National Gallery, London. “Bartolomé Esteban Murillo.” The National Gallery, https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/bartolome-esteban-murillo.

Lucas Cranach

High Renaissance & Mannerism

The Feast of Herod
https://ferrebeekeeper.wordpress.com/2011/06/09/cranachs-obsession-with-severed-heads/

Lucas Cranach the Elder was a German painter and printmaker known for his portraits of German royalty, along with biblical scenes that portray semi-erotic nudes. Cranach’s used a fair amount of dark outlines and arabesque forms. This focus on strong contrast is brought to life through his concentration on woodcuts and engravings, rather than chiaroscuro or modeled color.

Bildnis einer lachenden jungen Frau
http://www.artnet.com/artists/lucas-cranach-the-elder

What caught my attention to do some research on Lucas Cranach was one of his portraits titled “Bildnis einer lachenden jungen Frau“, which is oil on wood. When I first saw this painting, the first thing I noticed was the woman’s cheeky smile. I thought this was interesting because I haven’t seen any other portraits where the individual is smiling during this period of time. To me, this smile makes the portrait much more interesting because it produces much more emotions rather than simply a blank face. The immediate question I get from this painting is what is she smiling about?

The Cambó Bequest
https://www.museunacional.cat

The earliest of his existing works date from about 1502 when he was 30 years old living in Vienna. While in Vienna, he gained the attention of Duke Friedrich III the Elector of Saxony, who assigned Cranach as a painter of his court in Wittenberg. He was a part of what is known as the German Renaissance, which included his contemporaries Matthias Grünewald, Albrecht Dürer, and Hans Holbein the Younger.

Unlikely Lovers
https://spokenvision.com/lucas-cranach-leading-german-master-in-the-15th-century/

Citations

“Lucas Cranach the Elder.” Artnet, http://www.artnet.com/artists/lucas-cranach-the-elder/.

“MNAC – Museu Nacional D’Art De Catalunya.” The Ill-Matched Couple | Museu Nacional D’Art De Catalunya, https://www.museunacional.cat/en/colleccio/ill-matched-couple/lucas-cranach-el-vell/065012-000.

King, Donald, and Friedrich Thöne. “Lucas Cranach, the Elder.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lucas-Cranach-the-Elder

Andrea Mantegna

Late Gothic & Early Renaissance

During the time of the early Renaissance, numerous artists emerged creating great influence for many years to follow. One of them being Andrea Mantegna who came from the small town of Isola di Carturo, near Padua.

One of Mantegna’s most notable features is the linear sharpness and rigorous attention to detail of his art. Mantegna also stands out among Italian Renaissance painters for his complete dedication to classical scenery.

One of the single most significant influence on Mantegna’s style was the sculpture of Donatello in Padua. This influence can be seen in many of Mantegna’s work as he drew the human figure almost in sculptor-like forms.

If one wants to be one of the greats, one must learn from the greats. This is exactly what Mantegna thought. At an early age, Andrea was apprenticed to the well-known painter Francesco Squarcione, who had an art school. However, the young Mantegna soon left his master’s studio for an independent career that began when, in 1448, he was awarded part of the commission for the fresco decoration of the Ovetari chapel in the Church of the Eremitani, Padua.

“National Gallery of Art.” Artist Info, 2019, https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.1507.html.

Sheard, Wendy Stedman. “Andrea Mantegna.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 9 Sept. 2019, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andrea-Mantegna.

“Andrea Mantegna (Italian, about 1431 – 1506) (Getty Museum).” The J. Paul Getty in Los Angeles, http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/artists/636/andrea-mantegna-italian-about-1431-1506/.

Images

https://www.google.com/search?q=andrea+mantegna+artworks&rlz=1CASUUV_enCA839&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiow6Hd9tTkAhUbJDQIHV1PDn8Q_AUIEigB&biw=1366&bih=641#imgrc=nWyd0mgK-GeR0M:

https://www.google.com/search?q=andrea+mantegna+artworks&rlz=1CASUUV_enCA839&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiow6Hd9tTkAhUbJDQIHV1PDn8Q_AUIEigB&biw=1366&bih=641#imgrc=RKlZv1xm2jiaSM:

https://www.google.com/search?q=andrea+mantegna+artworks&rlz=1CASUUV_enCA839&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiow6Hd9tTkAhUbJDQIHV1PDn8Q_AUIEigB&biw=1366&bih=641#imgrc=pAPw0yS-HBxtcM: