Helen Frankenthaler was an American Abstract Expressionist painter. She was well-known for her bright-colored canvases and lyric qualities. She was born on December 12, 1928, in New York and died on December 27, 2011, in Darien, Connecticut. She studied at Dalton School in New York and at Bennington College in Bennington. In 1960, she started to use acrylics on canvases. Then later in her life she also did some lithographs on papers. This Morning’s Weather (1982) and Yoruba (2002) were her famous artworks that show great landscapes in her paintings. I like her paints as they were softly painted with dramatic colors.
For the survey 6 project, I was assigned to be a designer of the typeface and I did a regular spread on it. At the very beginning, I decided to work on the Akzidenz- Grotesk typeface and did some research on that. I found out that Akzidenz-Grotesk typeface was created by a typeface company called Berthold and it owns the publishment of that. The Berthold was a company that published a lot of high-quality classic typefaces, such as Formata, AG Book, Imago and corporate ASE were all its typefaces. For the poster, I would like to present it in a newspaper format as it is a part of the printing technique and it’s related to typefaces. I would give me a grade B- as the image of the Chinese metal is not related to Akzidenz-Grotesk and maybe can work more on the bottom left corner. Also, there are not enough words in the poster, maybe I can tell more about who or where this kind of typeface has been used.
Erich Heckel was a German painter, printmaker, and sculptor during the Expressionism period. He was born on July 31, 1883, in Döbeln, Germany, and died on January 27, 1970, in Radolfzell, West Germany. His paintings and woodcuts of landscape and nudes are well-known. He studied Die Brücke architecture in Germany and Dresden. In his early paintings, strong outlines and bright colors. Later his work that was created in Berlin was more focusing on formal pictorial composition and was more melancholy. He was also good at woodcuts. Sleeping Negress(1908) and Crouching Girl (1912) were all his popular woodcuts. I like the “Stralsund” as the shapes in the woodcut are really well and clear.
I was assigned to be a designer of color a few weeks ago. I am doing research on colors during the Rococo and Baroque periods. First of all, I did research on Baroque periods and I found the colors of most of the paintings are painted in rich colors. For instance, Dark red, dark green and dark blue always appeared in the paintings. Besides, paintings during that period were more focusing on the palette. For the Rococo period, my teammate David did some research on it and he found that compare to the colors of the Baroque period, the colors of the Rococo period paintings were more light and worked more focused on the lights and shadows. For the Rococo period, artists used lots of golden yellows, light pinks, and light blues. For my poster of this research, I had the idea of split the poster into two sides and each side explain one period of colors. Then, I have an idea of putting a color wheel in the middle of the poster, which can clearly show each period’s unique colors. Also, I came up with an idea of putting some unique patterns in the very middle which related to each period. Finally, I put some Baroque period patterns at each of the corners. I will get myself of a grade B as I think I can work more on the fronts on the words.
During the beginning of World War I, neither sides have effective methods that can pinpoint the location of the enemy artillery and they have no clue where were the big guns as there were usually placed outside sight. Thus, they created a tactic called Triangulation.
Triangulation is a technique for the soldiers to determine the location of a ship’s or aircraft, and the direction of roads, tunnels, or other structures under construction. It is based on the laws of plane trigonometry, which state that, if one side and two angles of a triangle are known, the other two sides and angles can be readily calculated. One side of the selected triangle is measured; this is the baseline. The two adjacent angles are measured by means of a surveying device known as a theodolite, and the entire triangle is established. By constructing a series of such triangles, each adjacent to at least one other triangle, values can be obtained for distances and angles not otherwise measurable. This triangulation method has been used by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and other peoples in the early centuries.
This new triangulation method was conceived by the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe before the end of the 16th century but was actually created by a contemporary Dutch mathematician called Willebrord van Roijen Snell as a science.
In 1669, a French astronomer called Jean Picard. He first used a telescope in determining the latitude and in measuring angles in triangulation that consisted of 13 triangles and extended from Paris 1.2° northward. His observations and results were very important as his length of the arc on a perfect circle corresponding to 1° were used by the English physicist and mathematician Sir Isaac Newton in his theoretical calculations to prove that the attraction of Earth is the principal force governing the motion of the Moon in its orbit.
Diego Rivera was a Mexican painter during the Post-impressionism period of time. He was born on December 8, 1886, in Guanajuato, in Mexico and was died on November 25, 1957. He was the painter who loves paint large scale murals which revival of fresco painting in Latin America. He studied in Spain and settled in Paris and became friends with some leading modern artists. Around 1917, he abandoned the Cubist style and be closer to the Post-impressionism. He used the simple form and bold color in his painting. I like how he used both warm and cold colors in his painting.
The church, St. Hedwing’s Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral on the Bebelplatz in Berlin, Germany. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Berlin. St. Hedwig’s Church was built in the 18th century. King Frederick II was the one who donated the land on which the church was built. The church was created for Silesia and Brandenburg, Saint Hedwig of Andechs. The church was the first Catholic Church in Prussia after the Reformation. St. Hedwig was designed by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff and modelled after the Pantheon in Rome. It was built from 1747 to 1 November 1773. The construction stop several times due to the economic problems.
Inside the building
After the Kristallnacht pogroms that took place on the night of 9- 10 November 1938, Bernhard Lichtenberg, a canon of the cathedral chapter of St. Hedwig since 1931, prayed publicly for Jews at evening prayer. Lichtenberg was then caught by Nazis and past away during the way to the concentration camp at Dachau. The crypt at St. Hedwig’s was transferred from Lichtenberg’s remains in 1965. The cathedral was severely damaged by allied bombing in an air raid on 1 March 1943. Fortunately, only the damaged shell of the building was left standing. The reconstruction started in 1952 and on 1 November 1963, All Saints’ Day, the new high alter was consecrated by the Bishop of Berlin, Alfred Cardinal Bengsch.
St. Hedwing’s Cathedral
Three impressive tapestries are now used in the reconstructed cathedral. All three share the motif of the heavenly Jerusalem but only one is set up and viewable at any one time. The tapestries of Erfurt’s former Bauhaus student, Grete Reichardt, were hand woven in 1963. It depicts a stylized city with the names of the apostles on the cornerstones. The tree of life represents God, and the character of the Lamb represents Christ.
Ford Madox Brown was an English painter whose work was relevant to the Pre- Raphaelite Brotherhood. He was born in Calais, France on April 16, 182, and died on October 6, 1893, in London. He studied art in Bruges, Antwerp and Belgium from 1837 to 1839. His most well-known painting was”Work”. It has been seen as a Victorian social document. It was first shown in the exhibition held in London in 1865. From 1879 to 1893, he finished a series of twelve murals for the Manchester town hall which created scenes of city’s history. I like the texture of his painting in both “Work” and “The Irish Girl”.
Jean-Marc Nattier was a French Rococo painter who was known by his portraits of the ladies of King Louis XV’s court in classical mythological costumes. He was born in Paris on March 17, 1685, and died on November 7, 1766. He was first taught by his portraitist father- Marc Nattier and his history painter uncle- Jean Jouvenet. He painted a series painting of Marie de Médicis during his studied at Royal Academy in 1710 which made him became famous. One thing I like in his paintings is the rich colors especially in the “Madame Le Fèvre de Caumartin as Hebe”.
Simon Vouet was a French painter who brought the Italianate Baroque style to French. He was born in Paris on January 9, 1590, and died on June 30, 1649. He studied and learned drawing skills in Italy. He was a masterpiece of using lights and shadows in his paintings. He beyond Caravaggio’s painting and used even more uniform diffused white light that made a symbol of his later painting style. One of his famous paintings is “Riches” which was the ornament program of the château of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. I like the way how he used lights, shadows, and bright colors to create soft and smooth figures.
